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<p>A <b>compact controller</b> is a generic name given to a small autonomous controller which can control one or several <a href="Control_loop" title="Control loop">control loops</a>. They are also known as panel mounted, discrete, dedicated, or universal process controllers.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The controllers can be easily configured and to control most types of control loop. Simple versions have a numerical display of the process values. Compact controllers in high-end equipment are available with <a href="Touchscreen" title="Touchscreen">touchscreen</a> and graphical representation of the control loop or the system.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In addition to the actual control loop, compact controllers can also take over control tasks and thus control the process sequence or parts thereof independently. Compact controllers can be found in almost all industries. For example, the program controller function is often used in the <a href="Food_industry" title="Food industry">food industry</a>, or in <a href="Hardening_(metallurgy)" title="Hardening (metallurgy)">hardening</a> to define specific temperature profiles.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction">Construction</h2></div>

<p>Compact controllers are either fixed or modular and can therefore be extended. The inputs for the actual value are often universal and can be configured for different types of <a href="Sensor" title="Sensor">sensors</a> and <a href="Signal_(electrical_engineering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Signal (electrical engineering)">signals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Digital inputs are also available for the detection of switching operations. Various binary switching elements are available as outputs, such as <a href="Relay" title="Relay">relay</a>, semiconductor relay, logic and <a href="MOSFET" title="MOSFET">MosFET</a> outputs, and are used either for controlling binary actuators or for control signals. The analog outputs can be configured as <a href="Voltage" title="Voltage">voltage</a> or <a href="Electric_current" title="Electric current">current</a> output, e.g. 4 ... 20 mA / 0 ... 10 V and are used for the continuous control of analog <a href="Actuator" title="Actuator">actuators</a> such as, for example, <a href="Control_valves" class="mw-redirect" title="Control valves">control valves</a>, thyristor power controllers or <a href="Frequency_changer" title="Frequency changer">frequency converters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The operation, parameterization and configuration can be carried out via the device front, in addition, configuration programs are supplied in which the settings for the user can be clearly arranged. The connection between PC and controller can be established via <a href="USB" title="USB">USB</a>, <a href="TCP/IP_Illustrated" title="TCP/IP Illustrated">TCP / IP</a> or serial interfaces.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.controleng.com/articles/how-to-choose-an-industrial-automation-controller/">"How to choose an industrial automation controller"</a>. <i>Control Engineering</i>. 8 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPannocchia,_Gabriele2015" class="citation journal cs1">Pannocchia, Gabriele (2015). "Whither Discrete Time Model Predictive Control?". <i>IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control</i>. <b>60</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">246–</span>252. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FTAC.2014.2324131">10.1109/TAC.2014.2324131</a>. <a href="Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11568%2F516670">11568/516670</a></span>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:16389448">16389448</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHiguera,_J._E,_and_Polo,_J2011" class="citation journal cs1">Higuera, J. E, and Polo, J (2011). "IEEE 1451 Standard in 6LoWPAN Sensor Networks Using a Compact Physical-Layer Transducer Electronic Datasheet". <i>IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement</i>. <b>60</b> (8): <span class="nowrap">2751–</span>2758. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FTIM.2011.2129990">10.1109/TIM.2011.2129990</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:506515">506515</a>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite journal}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)</span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/io/io_5.html">"Electrical Relay"</a>. <i>ElectronicsTutorials</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rtautomation.com/technologies/ethernetip/">"Ethernet Based Application Layer Protocol for Industrial Automation"</a>. <i>Real Time Automation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

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